What does "non-maleficence" mean in healthcare ethics?

Non-maleficence is a fundamental principle in healthcare ethics that refers to the obligation of healthcare professionals to avoid causing harm to patients. This principle is encapsulated in the phrase "do no harm," emphasizing that the actions taken by medical practitioners should not result in injury or suffering to patients. This concept underlines the importance of safety and the ethical responsibility to protect patients from potential harm, whether it be through treatment choices, medications, or procedures.

In the context of the other options, while helping those in need, encouraging patient involvement, and providing the best treatment are important aspects of healthcare ethics, they do not specifically define non-maleficence. Non-maleficence focuses directly on the avoidance of harm, which serves as a critical guideline in making ethical decisions in medical practice. Understanding this principle helps healthcare providers prioritize patient safety and well-being above all else.