Which ethical principle emphasizes the fair distribution of benefits and burdens?

The principle that emphasizes the fair distribution of benefits and burdens is justice. This ethical concept is central to many discussions in health care and medical ethics because it pertains to how resources, treatments, and opportunities should be allocated among patients and populations. Justice requires that individuals receive fair and equitable treatment, taking into account their unique circumstances and needs.

In a healthcare context, this might mean ensuring that all patients have access to necessary medical services regardless of their socioeconomic status, race, or other factors. For example, if a new treatment becomes available, applying the principle of justice would involve assessing how to make that treatment accessible to all who need it, rather than just a select few.

Autonomy focuses on the right of individuals to make their own decisions regarding their healthcare. Beneficence involves acting in the best interests of patients and promoting their well-being, while non-maleficence is the principle of not causing harm to patients. While these concepts are important in healthcare ethics, justice specifically addresses the distribution of benefits and burdens, making it the most relevant principle in this context.